To Health With That!

Schedule a free 15 minute consult now
Follow us :

Infertility and learn how to manage

There is no need to feel alone if you and your partner are having trouble having a baby. It is estimated that 10% to 15% of couples in the United States are infertile. Infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant after frequent, unprotected sex for at least a year if you’re under the age of 35 or for 6-months if you’re 35 years old or older.

Fertility issues can arise from the male partner, the female partner, or from a combination of factors on both sides. There are a many safe and effective ways to increase your changes of having a high sperm count with good morphology, healthy hormone cycles for women, and a healthy pregnancy.

Symptoms of Infertility

The symptoms of infertility can vary depending on the underlying cause and for many men and women there are no symptoms to indicate infertility at all. However, some common indicators that fertility could be compromised may include:

  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) : PCOS is a hormonal disorder centered around the ovaries that can cause irregular periods, skipped ovulation or anovulatory cycles, infertility, metabolic syndrome, and other health issues.
  • Thyroid disorders : Thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism can impact menstrual regularity and fertility.
  • Excessive exercise or low body weight : Excessive exercise, low body weight, and eating disorders can lead to hormonal imbalances that may impact menstrual regularity.
  • Premature ovarian failure : Premature ovarian failure is a condition in which the ovaries stop functioning normally before the age of 40, leading to infertility and other health issues.
  • Chronic medical conditions : Chronic medical conditions such as diabetes, celiac disease, or inflammatory bowel disease can impact menstrual regularity and fertility.

If you are experiencing irregular menstrual cycles or the absence of menstrual periods, it’s important to speak with a healthcare provider or a reproductive specialist to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment options. Infertility is a situation where appropriate diagnosis and treatment can make the difference between having or not having a child. This is a situation with a time-limited window and so accurate diagnosis matters. Treatment options may include hormonal therapies, lifestyle modifications, or other interventions depending on the underlying cause.

Painful or heavy periods : Painful or heavy periods are a common symptom of underlying health issues that may impact fertility. Some common causes of painful or heavy periods include:

  • Endometriosis : Endometriosis is a condition in which the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus grows outside of it, causing painful periods, heavy bleeding, pain with intercourse, and other health complications.
  • Adenomyosis : Adenomyosis is a condition in which the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus grows into the muscular wall of the uterus, leading to heavy and painful periods, cramping, and distortion of the uterus. This can impede implantation and often requires surgery to correct.
  • Fibroids : Fibroids are non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause heavy or painful periods, as well as other health issues. They are often a sign that estrogen levels are too high and they may require surgery to remove.
  • Polyps : Uterine polyps are growths in the lining of the uterus that can cause heavy or irregular bleeding, spotting, or cramping. Polyps also interfere with proper implantation and growth of a fetus and usually require minor surgery to remove.
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) : PID is an infection of the reproductive organs that can cause painful periods and other health issues.

If you are experiencing painful or heavy periods, even if they have always been that way or they are that way for everyone in your family,  it’s important to speak with a healthcare provider or a reproductive specialist. Looking into the underlying cause, balancing hormone levels, and getting any appropriate treatments will help you on your fertility journey. Treatment options may include hormonal therapies, surgery, or other interventions.

Abnormal or absent ovulation : Abnormal or absent ovulation is a common cause of infertility. Ovulation is the process by which a woman’s ovary releases an egg, which can then be fertilized by sperm. If ovulation is irregular or absent, it can be difficult or impossible to achieve pregnancy.

Some common causes of abnormal or absent ovulation include:

  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) : PCOS is a hormonal disorder that can disrupt ovulation, leading to irregular periods and infertility. Women who are experiencing PCOS often have irregular or long (>35 day) cycles, metabolic syndrome, often gain weight easily, and may have abnormal facial or body hair growth.
  • Thyroid disorders : Thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism can impact ovulation and fertility. Low thyroid typically makes a person feel chilly, sluggish, tired, and often puffy or like they’re retaining water. High thyroid can make people feel anxious, wired, like their heart is pounding or beating irregularly, or like they are having panic attacks. If you suspect your thyroid is out of balance it is important to see a doctor for appropriate testing.
  • Premature ovarian failure : Premature ovarian failure is a condition in which the ovaries stop functioning normally before the age of 40, leading to infertility and other health issues. 
  • Weight-related issues : Both being overweight and underweight can disrupt ovulation and lead to infertility. Also, many people who would not consider themselves to be underweight, like competitive athletes or endurance athletes, might have impaired ovulation.
  • Stress : Chronic stress can impact ovulation and fertility.

If you are experiencing irregular or absent ovulation or any of the symptoms in the conditions above, speak with a healthcare provider or a reproductive specialist to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment options. Treatment options may include hormonal therapies, lifestyle modifications, or other interventions depending on the underlying cause.

Pain during intercourse : Pain during intercourse (sex), also known as dyspareunia, can be a sign of an underlying health issue that may impact fertility. Some common causes of pain during intercourse include:

  • Endometriosis : Endometriosis is a condition in which the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus grows outside of it, causing pain during intercourse, heavy menstrual bleeding, painful periods, anemia, and other health issues.
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) : PID is an infection of the reproductive organs that can cause pain during intercourse and other health issues.
  • Vaginal infections : Vaginal infections such as yeast infections or bacterial vaginosis can cause pain during intercourse. Sexually transmitted infections can also cause pain during intercourse, but can also be largely silent so be sure to be tested after new sexual partners.
  • Growths in the uterus : This can include adenomyomas, uterine fibroids, and uterine polyps. Any abnormal growth in the uterus can cause pain or discomfort with intercourse because it distorts the shape of the uterus and adds physical bulk.
  • Vaginismus :Vaginismus is a condition in which the muscles of the vaginal wall spasm during intercourse, causing pain and discomfort.
  • Menopause : Changes in hormone levels during menopause can lead to vaginal dryness, micro tearing and pain or a stinging sensation during intercourse.

If you are experiencing pain during intercourse, speak with a healthcare provider or a reproductive specialist to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment options. Treatment options may include medications, pelvic floor physical therapy, hormone replacement therapy, surgery, or other interventions depending on the underlying cause.

Reduced sexual desire : Reduced sexual desire, also known as low libido, can be a common issue that may impact fertility. Some common causes of reduced sexual desire include:

  • Hormonal imbalances : Changes in hormone levels, particularly low levels of testosterone or general hormone decline in menopause, can impact sexual desire.
  • Medications : Certain medications, such as antidepressants, can impact sexual desire.
  • Chronic illness : Chronic illnesses such as diabetes, heart disease, or chronic fatigue can impact sexual desire.
  • Relationship issues : Relationship issues, such as conflict or poor communication, can impact sexual desire.
  • Stress : Chronic stress can impact sexual desire.
  • Infertility : Struggling with fertility as a couple and making sexual intercourse an outcome, objective driven activity rather than something you do for fun, romance, and togetherness, can make sex feel obligatory or mechanistic.

    If you are experiencing reduced sexual desire, it’s important to speak with a healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment options. If you feel your issue is more relational, sex therapy can be a valuable resource to keep your partnership strong.

    Testicular swelling or pain : Testicular swelling or pain can be a sign of an underlying health issue that may impact fertility. Some common causes of testicular swelling or pain include:

    • Varicocele : Varicocele is a swelling of the veins in the scrotum, which can cause pain and impact fertility.
    • Infections : Infections of the testicles or epididymis can cause swelling, pain, low sperm count, and other health issues.
    • Testicular torsion : Testicular torsion is an emergency medical condition in which the testicle twists and cuts off its own blood supply, causing severe pain and potentially impacting fertility long-term. This is a very serious issue and requires immediate medical attention.
    • Hernia : A hernia occurs when part of an internal organ pushes through a weak spot in the muscle or tissue of the inguinal canal, causing pain and other health issues. This protruding organ often pushes into the scrotum, impairing the function of the testicles.
    • Trauma : Trauma to the testicles, such as a blow to the area, can cause swelling, pain, and both short and long term fertility impairment.

    Testicular swelling and pain can be very serious so speak with a healthcare provider or a urologist to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment options. Treatment options may include medications, surgery, or other interventions depending on the cause.

    Ejaculation problems : Ejaculation problems in men can be a sign of an underlying health issue that may impact fertility. Some common ejaculation problems include:

    • Premature ejaculation : Premature ejaculation occurs when a man ejaculates soon after sexual activity begins, sometimes prior to penetration.
    • Delayed ejaculation : Delayed ejaculation occurs when a man has difficulty ejaculating or is unable to ejaculate during sexual activity. This can be caused by some medications, certain chronic health conditions, mental health concerns, and substance use.
    • Retrograde ejaculation : Retrograde ejaculation occurs when semen is ejaculated into the bladder instead of out of the penis. This is also called dry orgasm. This condition isn’t usually harmful, but can lead to infertility.
    • Low semen volume : Low semen volume can impact fertility by reducing the number of sperm that are ejaculated.
    • Painful ejaculation : Painful ejaculation can be caused by infection, inflammation, or blockage of the bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, or urethra. Ejaculation can also be painful due to emotional or psychological factors.  Painful ejaculation can indicate a more serious condition and should be evaluated by a health professional.

    If you are experiencing ejaculatory problems speak with a healthcare provider or a urologist to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment options. Treatment options may include medications, therapy, surgery, or other interventions depending on the underlying cause.

    Changes in hair growth or skin changes : Changes in hair growth or skin changes can be a sign of an underlying health issue that may impact fertility. Some common causes of hair growth changes or skin changes include:

    • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) : PCOS is a hormonal disorder in women that can cause excess hair growth on the face, chest, or back, as well as severe acne and other skin changes. PCOS is one of the most common causes of ovarian infertility because it is linked to unpredictable ovulation or lack of ovulation.
    • Thyroid disorders : Thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism can cause hair loss, dry skin, puffy skin, or coarse hair growth. Both hypothyroidism, or low thyroid, and hyperthyroidism, or high thyroid, can lead to ovulation problems and infertility.
    • Vitamin deficiencies : Deficiencies in vitamins such as biotin or vitamin D can impact hair growth and skin health as well as fertility.
    • Autoimmune disorders : Autoimmune disorders such as lupus or psoriasis can cause changes in skin including itching, flaking, redness and cause hair loss. Autoimmune disorders can be associated with lower fertility.
    • Medications : Certain medications can impact hair growth and skin health, such as chemotherapy drugs or acne medications. Many of these medications are prohibitive to pregnancy or strongly contraindicated in pregnancy.

    If you are experiencing changes in hair growth or your skin along with sub-fertility or infertility, speak with a healthcare provider or a reproductive specialist to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment options. 

    It is important to note that many individuals with infertility may not experience any noticeable symptoms, so it is important to notice when you have been having unprotected intercourse without any resultant pregnancies. Early medical testing and evaluation is important because fertility is time-sensitive, so faster treatment means better results.

    When to see a doctor for infertility

    See a doctor for an infertility evaluation if you have been actively trying to conceive or having unprotected sex for 12 months or more (or 6 months if you are over the age of 35) without success. However, you may want to consider seeking medical advice sooner if you have:

    • Irregular or absent menstrual cycles
    • Known fertility issues
    • Endometriosis
    • Pelvic inflammatory disease
    • A history of cancer or cancer treatment
    • Recurrent miscarriages
    • Painful intercourse or other sexual problems
    • Testicular pain
    • Dry orgasms

    It is also a good idea to consult a doctor if you have any pre-existing medical conditions or concerns that may affect fertility, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, or thyroid disorders. Your doctor can provide you with guidance on how to optimize your chances of conception and may recommend further testing or treatment if needed.

    Causes of Infertility 

    Infertility is a complex situation that can have many causes that may affect one or both partners. Some common causes of infertility include:

    Ovulation disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) : Ovulation disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), impact fertility by causing irregular or absent ovulation. Ovulation is the release of a healthy egg from the ovaries that can then be fertilized by sperm. PCOS is a hormonal disorder that can impact the functioning of the ovaries and cause a number of symptoms, including:

    • Irregular or absent menstrual cycles
    • Excess hair growth on the face, chest, or back
    • ACNE
    • Weight gain
    • Metabolic syndrome

    PCOS is a common cause of infertility in women, as irregular or absent ovulation can make it difficult to conceive. Treatment for PCOS may include lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, low carb diet, medications to regulate ovulation, or assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). It’s important to speak with a healthcare provider or a reproductive specialist if you suspect you have PCOS or an ovulation disorder, as early diagnosis and treatment can improve the chances of achieving a successful pregnancy.

    Hormonal imbalances : Hormonal imbalances can impact fertility by disrupting the delicate dance of hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle and ovulation. Some common hormonal imbalances that can impact fertility include:

    • Thyroid disorders : Thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism can impact the functioning of the thyroid gland, which produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Both too high and too low thyroid hormones interfere with ovulation and fertility.
    • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) : PCOS is a hormonal disorder that can impact the functioning of the ovaries and cause irregular or absent ovulation as well as metabolic symptoms. This condition is often seen in women with irregular, long, or absent menstrual cycles, excessive facial or body hair growth, weight gain, and higher than average blood sugars.
    • Premature ovarian failure (POF) : POF is a condition in which a woman’s ovaries stop functioning before the age of 40, leading to hormonal imbalances and infertility. There may be no signs of this condition other than difficulty conceiving.
    • Elevated prolactin levels : Elevated prolactin levels can impact ovulation by interfering with the production of estrogen and progesterone. In some cases, elevated prolactin causes nipple discharge, but it can be asymptomatic.
    • Endometriosis : Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus, causing hormonal imbalances and infertility. It is characterized by painful, heavy periods.

    Treatment for hormonal imbalances may include medications, seed cycling, lifestyle modifications, or other interventions depending on the underlying cause. It’s important to speak with a healthcare provider or a reproductive specialist if you suspect you have a hormonal imbalance, as early diagnosis and treatment can improve the chances of achieving a successful pregnancy. Integrative and alternative health care is especially useful in this situation once you have obtained a diagnosis.

    Structural problems with the reproductive organs : Structural problems with the reproductive organs can impact fertility by interfering with the ability of the reproductive organs to function properly. Some common structural problems that can impact fertility include:

    • Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes Fallopian tubes are the structures that transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus. If the fallopian tubes are blocked or damaged, the egg may not be able to reach the uterus, making it difficult to conceive. This can happen without any symptoms and can be caused by a variety of factors including infection, inflammation, endometriosis, adhesions, and scar tissue. It can also be an inborn condition.
    • Uterine abnormalities : Uterine abnormalities such as fibroids or polyps can interfere with the implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterus, making it difficult to achieve a successful pregnancy.
    • Varicoceles : Varicoceles are enlarged veins in the scrotum that can impact sperm production and quality.
    • Epididymal blockages : The epididymis is a small tube in the testicles that stores and transports sperm. Blockages in the epididymis can prevent sperm from being released during ejaculation.

    Treatment for structural problems with the reproductive organs may include surgery, medications, or assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) depending on the underlying cause. It’s important to speak with a healthcare provider or a reproductive specialist if you suspect you have a structural problem with your reproductive organs, or if you are unable to conceive without any clear cause as early diagnosis and treatment can improve the chances of achieving a successful pregnancy.

    Age-related factors, including diminished ovarian reserve and decreased sperm quality : Age-related factors can impact fertility by reducing the quality and quantity of eggs and sperm produced by the body. Women are born with a finite number of eggs that gradually decline in quality and quantity with age. Men have the capacity to produce sperm throughout their lives but the quality and quantity of sperm can also decrease with age.

    Diminished ovarian reserve is a term used to describe the reduced number of high-quality eggs in a woman’s ovaries, which can make it difficult to conceive. This can be due to age-related factors or other factors such as genetics or medical treatments.

    Similarly, decreased sperm quality can impact male fertility by reducing the number, motility, and morphology (shape) of sperm. This can be due to age-related factors, as well as lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol use, and exposure to environmental toxins.

    Treatment for age-related fertility issues may include assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), which can help overcome some of the challenges associated with diminished ovarian reserve or decreased sperm quality. Also, taking steps to balance hormones, work on diet and lifestyle, and reduce inflammation and oxidation can improve the quality of both eggs and sperm. It’s important to speak with a healthcare provider or a reproductive specialist to improve the chances of achieving a successful pregnancy.

    Infections or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) : Infections or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can impact fertility by causing damage to the reproductive system or by interfering with the ability to conceive. Some STDs that can affect fertility include:

    • Chlamydia and gonorrhea : These STDs can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a serious infection of the female reproductive system that can damage the fallopian tubes and lead to infertility.
    • Human papillomavirus (HPV) :HPV can cause genital warts and is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer, which can also impact fertility.
    • HIV and AIDS : HIV can impact fertility by weakening the immune system and increasing the risk of opportunistic infections, which can damage the reproductive system.
    • Herpes :Herpes can cause outbreaks of painful blisters or sores around the genital area, which can make intercourse uncomfortable or painful.
    • Treatment for infections or STDs that impact fertility may include medications to treat the underlying infection, as well as treatments to address any resulting damage to the reproductive system. It’s important to practice safe sex and get regular STI screenings to reduce the risk of developing an infection that can impact fertility. If you suspect you have an infection or an STI, it’s important to speak with a healthcare provider and get the necessary treatments.

    Exposure to environmental toxins or chemicals : Exposure to environmental toxins or chemicals can impact fertility by interfering with the reproductive system and hormone production. Some common environmental toxins and chemicals that can affect fertility include:

    • Pesticides and herbicides : Exposure to pesticides and herbicides, especially over long periods of time, has been linked to decreased fertility in both men and women.
    • Lead : Lead exposure can cause damage to the reproductive system, and decreased fertility in both men and women.
    • Bisphenol A (BPA) : BPA is a chemical found in many plastic products and can mimic estrogen, potentially leading to infertility.
    • Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) : PCBs are chemicals used in electrical equipment and other industrial applications, which exert estrogenic effects and have been linked to decreased fertility in both men and women.
    • Dioxins : Dioxins are environmental pollutants that can impact fertility by interfering with hormone production and causing damage to the reproductive system. Dioxin is also highly carcinogenic and is associated with a number of severe health problems.

    To reduce the risk of exposure to environmental toxins and chemicals, it’s important to follow safety guidelines when handling chemicals or working in environments where exposure to toxins is possible. Avoiding toxin use whenever possible is always the safest choice. Eating a healthy diet and avoiding processed foods can also help reduce exposure to environmental toxins. 

    Certain medications or treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy : some medications and treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, can impact fertility by damaging the reproductive system or interfering with hormone production. Chemotherapy drugs and radiation therapy are often used to treat cancer, and while they can be effective at treating cancer, they can also have side effects that impact fertility.

    Chemotherapeutic agents can damage the ovaries and affect egg quality, which can result in decreased fertility in women. Radiation therapy in or near the pelvic area can also damage the reproductive system, and depending on the area being treated, can cause damage to the testicles or ovaries, which can impact fertility in men and women.

    Other medications, such as certain antidepressants or blood pressure medications, can also have an impact on fertility. If you are trying to conceive it is important to talk with your doctor about any prescriptions you are taking or plan to take to make sure they will not adversely affect your fertility or pose any risk to a developing fetus and also to explore options for preserving fertility if necessary. Some options may include freezing eggs or sperm before undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or exploring alternative treatments that may have a lower impact on fertility.

    If you are undergoing treatment for cancer or another condition, it’s important to speak with your healthcare provider about the potential impact on fertility and explore options for preserving fertility if necessary.

    Genetic factors : Genetic factors can play a significant role in infertility. Some genetic conditions can impact fertility in both men and women. For example, Turner syndrome, a condition in which a woman is born with only one X chromosome, can cause infertility. Other genetic conditions, such as Klinefelter syndrome, can result in decreased sperm production in men.

    In addition to genetic conditions, some individuals may carry smaller, less consequential gene mutations that can impact fertility. One example is mutations in the MTHFR gene, which have been associated with low sperm count and subfertility in men,  and repeat pregnancy loss in women. Mutations in other genes that play a role in reproductive function, such as the FSH receptor gene, may also impact fertility.

    It’s important to note that not all cases of infertility are caused by genetic factors, and genetic testing is not always necessary. However, if you have a family history of genetic conditions that impact fertility or are experiencing unexplained infertility, it may be worth discussing genetic testing with a healthcare provider or a reproductive specialist. Genetic testing can help identify potential genetic factors that may be impacting fertility and guide treatment options.

    Endometriosis : Endometriosis is a condition in which the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus, called the endometrium, grows abnormally outside of the uterus.  It can grow on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other organs in the pelvis. This can cause pain, inflammation, and scarring, and may also impact fertility.

    Endometriosis can lead to the formation of cysts, called endometriomas, on the ovaries, which can impact egg quality and ovarian function. Additionally, the inflammation and scarring associated with endometriosis can lead to the formation of adhesions, which can block the fallopian tubes or prevent the egg from reaching the uterus.

    The symptoms of endometriosis can vary, but usually include painful periods, chronic pelvic pain, pain during sex, heavy bleeding, and infertility. While not all women with endometriosis experience infertility, it is estimated that up to 50% of women with endometriosis may have difficulty getting pregnant.

    If you suspect you may have endometriosis or are experiencing some of the mentioned symptoms, it’s important to speak with a healthcare provider. Treatment options for endometriosis may include medication to manage symptoms, surgery to remove endometrial tissue or adhesions, or fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).

    Lifestyle factors, such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, or obesity : Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and obesity can impact fertility in both men and women.

    Smoking has been linked to reduced fertility in both men and women. In women, smoking can damage the reproductive organs and reduce the number and quality of eggs. In men, smoking can lower sperm count, reduce sperm motility, and increase the number of abnormal sperm.

    Excessive alcohol consumption can also impact fertility. In women, heavy alcohol consumption can disrupt the menstrual cycle and interfere with ovulation. In men, excessive alcohol intake can reduce sperm count and motility.

    Obesity can also impact fertility because fat cells make their own estrogen. In women, obesity can disrupt the menstrual cycle and interfere with ovulation. It may also increase the risk of conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which can impact fertility. In men, obesity has been linked to reduced sperm count and motility.

    Making lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, and maintaining a healthy weight, can help improve fertility. If you are struggling with infertility and are struggling with lifestyle risk factors, it’s important to speak with a healthcare provider to discuss strategies for managing these factors and improving your chances of getting pregnant.

    It’s important to note that in many cases, the cause of infertility may not be easily identifiable. Therefore, medical testing and evaluation are often necessary to determine the underlying cause of infertility and identify appropriate treatment options.

    Causes of female infertility

    Female infertility can be caused by a number of different conditions that affect the reproductive system. Some common causes of female infertility include:

    • Ovulation disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
    • Diminished ovarian reserve due to age or premature ovarian failure
    • Hormonal imbalances, such as thyroid disorders or high prolactin levels
    • Fallopian tube damage or blockage, which can be caused by infections, endometriosis, or previous surgeries
    • Structural problems with the uterus, such as fibroids or uterine polyps
    • Abnormal cervical mucus, which can hinder sperm movement
    • Autoimmune disorders that affect fertility
    • Endometriosis, a condition in which the tissue that lines the uterus grows outside of it
    • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can cause scarring and damage to the reproductive organs
    • Cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, which can damage the ovaries or uterus
    • Microclotting and clotting disorders, such as those caused by factor V or MTHFR, which can lead to repeat pregnancy loss

    It’s important to note that in many cases, female infertility may be caused by a combination of factors, and medical testing and evaluation are often necessary to determine the underlying cause and identify appropriate treatment options.

    Risk factors of Infertility

    There are several risk factors that may increase the likelihood of experiencing infertility. Some common risk factors of infertility include:

    • Age : Fertility declines with age, and the risk of infertility increases as women get older, especially after the age of 35.
    • Smoking :Smoking can reduce fertility in both men and women, and may increase the risk of miscarriage and birth defects.
    • Excessive alcohol consumption : Heavy alcohol consumption may reduce fertility in both men and women.
    • Being overweight or underweight : Both being overweight and underweight can disrupt the hormonal balance and decrease fertility. Also, extreme athleticism in women can interrupt the normal menstrual cycle.
    • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) : Untreated STIs, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, can lead to infertility.
    • Certain medical conditions :Medical conditions such as endometriosis, PCOS, and thyroid disorders can increase the risk of infertility.
    • Exposure to certain environmental toxins or chemicals : Exposure to toxins such as pesticides, lead, or radiation may increase the risk of infertility.
    • Certain medications or treatments : Certain medications, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, may affect fertility.

    It’s important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not necessarily mean that an individual will experience infertility, but it may increase the likelihood of infertility and may warrant further medical evaluation if pregnancy is desired.

    Preventing Infertility 

    While not all cases of infertility can be prevented, there are some steps that individuals can take to help reduce the risk of infertility. These include:

    Maintaining a healthy weight – Healthy weight is an important factor in fertility for both men and women. Being overweight or underweight can impact hormone levels and disrupt the menstrual cycle, leading to infertility. It can also impact sperm quality in men.

    In women, being overweight or obese can increase the risk of conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance, which can interfere with healthy ovulation. It may also increase the risk of complications during pregnancy. Conversely, being underweight or low-normal weight with excessive physical exercise can also disrupt the menstrual cycle and interfere with ovulation.

    In men, obesity has been linked to reduced sperm count and motility, and may also increase the risk of erectile dysfunction.

    Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular moderate exercise can help improve fertility. If you are struggling with infertility and are overweight or underweight, it’s important to speak with a healthcare provider to discuss strategies for achieving a healthy weight and improving your chances of getting pregnant.

    Not smoking – Not smoking is an important factor in fertility for both men and women. Smoking has been linked to reduced fertility in both men and women. In women, smoking can damage the reproductive organs and reduce the number and quality of eggs. In men, smoking can lower sperm count, reduce sperm motility, and increase the number of abnormal sperm.

    Smoking can also increase the risk of miscarriage and complications during pregnancy, such as preterm birth and low birth weight. Secondhand smoke exposure can also impact fertility in women.

    If you are trying to conceive and you smoke, quitting is one of the most important steps you can take to improve your chances of getting pregnant. It’s important to speak with a healthcare provider to discuss strategies for quitting and managing withdrawal symptoms. There are many resources available to help individuals quit smoking, including nicotine replacement therapy, medications, and counseling.

    Limiting alcohol consumption – Limiting alcohol consumption is an important factor in fertility for both men and women. Excessive alcohol consumption can disrupt the menstrual cycle and interfere with ovulation, while in men it can reduce sperm count and motility.

    Alcohol consumption can also increase the risk of complications during pregnancy such as miscarriage and preterm birth, and can impact fetal development. Additionally, alcohol use can interact with certain fertility treatments, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), and reduce their effectiveness.

    While moderate alcohol consumption is generally considered safe, it’s important to limit alcohol intake when trying to conceive. Under normal circumstances one drink per day or less is considered safe and for men consumption should be no more than two drinks per day. When trying to conceive, especially if you are having fertility difficulties, it is best to avoid alcohol completely.

    If you are struggling with infertility and have concerns about your alcohol consumption, it’s important to speak with a healthcare provider to discuss strategies for reducing or eliminating alcohol from your diet. There are many resources available including counseling and support groups.

    Protecting against sexually transmitted infections – Protecting against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is an important factor in fertility. STIs such as chlamydia and gonorrhea can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, which can cause scarring and damage to the reproductive organs. In men, these STIs can cause urethritis and prostatitis, which can impact sperm quality and quantity.

    STIs such as herpes and human papillomavirus (HPV) can also impact fertility by causing genital warts and lesions, which can impact sexual function and fertility. Additionally, untreated STIs can increase the risk of complications during pregnancy, such as preterm birth and low birth weight.

    To protect against STIs, it’s important to practice safe sex using barrier contraception, such as using condoms and to get regular STI testing. It’s also important to speak with a healthcare provider about vaccination options for STIs such as HPV.

    If you have concerns about STIs and how they may be impacting your fertility, it’s important to speak with a healthcare provider to discuss treatment options and strategies for protecting against future infections.

    Managing underlying medical conditions – Medical conditions is an important factor in fertility, as certain medical conditions can impact fertility in both men and women. Chronic conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, and autoimmune diseases can impact hormonal balance and reproductive function.

    For women, certain conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis can impact fertility by causing irregular ovulation and scarring of the reproductive organs. In men, conditions such as varicoceles and certain hormonal imbalances can impact sperm quality and quantity.

    If you have a chronic medical condition and are unsure about its impact on fertility, talk wit hour doctor to learn how best to manage it while trying to conceive. Your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes such as dietary modifications and exercise, as well as medications and other medical interventions.

    It’s also important to maintain regular follow-up with healthcare providers  to monitor the condition over time and ensure that it is being effectively managed. In some cases, fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be necessary to help achieve pregnancy.

    Overall, managing underlying medical conditions is an important factor in fertility, and can help improve the chances of conception and healthy pregnancy.

    Reducing exposure to environmental toxins and chemicals – Reducing environmental exposure to is an important factor in fertility, as exposure to certain toxins and chemicals can impact reproductive function and hormonal balance. These toxins can come from a variety of sources, including household cleaners, pesticides, and certain plastics.

    Research has shown that exposure to chemicals such as phthalates and bisphenol-A (BPA), can impact hormonal balance and reproductive function. These chemicals are often found in plastics, such as those used in food packaging, and can leach into food and beverages.

    It is important to take steps to limit exposure to these substances. This may include using natural cleaning products, choosing organic foods whenever possible, and avoiding the use of plastics with the recycling codes 3, 6, and 7, which are more likely to contain BPA and to avoid plastic food packaging generally.

    It’s also important to speak with a healthcare provider as certain tests may be available to determine the level of exposure and to monitor the impact on reproductive function over time.

    Reducing exposure to environmental toxins and chemicals can help improve chances of conception and reduce the risk of complications during pregnancy.

    Seeking early medical evaluation and treatment – Getting an accurate diagnosis of underlying causes of infertility can lead you to the most effective treatments in the shortest span of time, which can help improve the chances of conception and reduce the risk of complications during pregnancy.

    Individuals who are having difficulty conceiving or who have been trying to conceive for over a year (or six months if over the age of 35) should seek a complete evaluation by a healthcare provider who specializes in fertility. During this evaluation, the healthcare provider will conduct a thorough medical history, perform a physical exam, and may order tests to help identify any underlying conditions that may be contributing to infertility.

    Depending on the results of these tests, the healthcare provider may recommend a range of treatments to help improve fertility, including medications to stimulate ovulation, intrauterine insemination, or in vitro fertilization (IVF). For men, treatments may include medication or surgery to correct structural problems or address hormonal imbalances.

    In some cases, lifestyle modifications, such as losing weight, quitting smoking, or limiting alcohol consumption, may be recommended to help improve fertility.

    Early medical evaluation and treatment can help improve thechances of conception and reduce the risk of complications during pregnancy, ultimately improving the likelihood of a successful pregnancy and healthy baby.

    It’s important to note that infertility is not always preventable and may be caused by factors outside of an individual’s control. However, taking these steps may help reduce the risk of infertility and optimize fertility potential.

    How MTHFR and Infertility connected ?

    MTHFR (Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) is a gene that provides instructions for making an enzyme that is involved in activating the vitamin folate (also known as folic acid) in the body. Almost 50% of the US population is estimated to have a variation in the MTHFR gene, which can lead to reduced activity of the MTHFR enzyme and impair the body’s ability to process folate.

    Studies suggest that the MTHFR gene variant may be associated with an increased risk of infertility, in both men and women. This may be due to the fact that folate is necessary for DNA synthesis, and an MTHFR gene variant may affect DNA synthesis and methylation, which are important for normal sperm production and normal fetal development.

    Additionally, some research has suggested that an MTHFR gene variant may be associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss, including recurrent miscarriages. This may be due to the fact that folate plays an important role in the development and growth of the placenta, or that folate is involved in clotting. Micorclotting within the placenta has been proposed as another possible mechanism causing repeat pregnancy loss.

    It’s important to note that the link between MTHFR gene variants and infertility is not well understood, and not all individuals with an MTHFR gene variant will experience fertility problems. If you know or suspect you have an MTHFR variant, speak with a healthcare provider or a reproductive specialist. They can help you understand your individual risk and potential treatment options.

    Best foods if you have infertility issue 

    While there is no specific “fertility diet” that can guarantee conception, following a balanced and nutritious diet can help support reproductive health and optimize fertility potential. Some foods that may be particularly beneficial for individuals with infertility issues include:

    • Whole grains : Whole grains such as oats, quinoa, and brown rice are rich in fiber and may help regulate blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity, which can be important for hormonal balance.
    • Fruits and vegetables : Fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, which can help protect against cellular damage and support overall health.
    • Healthy fats : Healthy fats such as those found in nuts, seeds, avocados, olives, and small fatty fish may help reduce inflammation and support hormonal balance. Be cautious about larger, predatory fatty fish such as tuna, which can bioaccumulate mercury.
    • Lean protein : Lean protein sources such as chicken, fish, eggs, and legumes provide important amino acids and may help regulate insulin levels.
    • Iron-rich foods : Iron-rich foods such as leafy greens, beans, and red meat may be particularly important for individuals with heavy menstrual bleeding, which can increase the risk of iron deficiency, or for individuals planning to have a baby, which requires extra blood volume.
    • Low-glycemic index foods :Choosing low-glycemic index foods, meaning foods that are low in starches and sugars and high in fiber, protein, good fats or complex carbs and therefore provide a slow and steady flow of energy such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, may help regulate blood sugar levels and support hormonal balance.

    It’s important to note that while a healthy diet can be an important aspect of overall health and reproductive wellness, it may not be enough to overcome certain infertility issues. If you are experiencing fertility problems, it is important to seek accurate diagnosis to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment options.

    Food you should avoid if you have infertility issues 

    While there is no one-size-fits-all diet that is guaranteed to improve fertility, there are some foods that may be best avoided or limited if you are experiencing fertility issues. These include:

    • Processed and high-sugar foods : Foods high in refined carbohydrates and added sugars can lead to blood sugar imbalances and insulin resistance, which can impact hormonal balance.
    • Trans fats :Trans fats found in processed and fried foods may be associated with inflammation and impaired insulin sensitivity.
    • High-mercury fish : High-mercury fish such as swordfish, shark, tuna, and king mackerel should be avoided, as high levels of mercury can impact fertility and fetal development.
    • Alcohol : Heavy alcohol consumption can impact hormonal balance and decrease fertility.
    • Caffeine : High levels of caffeine may impact fertility, and it is recommended to limit caffeine intake to 200 milligrams per day (approximately one 12-ounce cup of coffee).
    • Soy :While soy can be a healthy protein source, high levels of soy intake may impact hormonal balance, particularly in individuals with thyroid disorders.

    It’s important to note that while avoiding certain foods may be beneficial for some individuals experiencing fertility issues, it may not be enough by itself. If you are experiencing fertility problems, it is important together an accurate diagnostic work up.

    Does physical exercise help if you have infertility 

    Physical exercise can be beneficial for overall health and may play a role in supporting fertility. Regular exercise can help regulate body weight, reduce stress, improve insulin sensitivity, and promote overall hormonal balance, which can all impact fertility potential.

    However, it’s important to note that over-exercising or excessive high-intensity exercise can actually have a negative impact on fertility, particularly in women. This may be due to the fact that extreme exercise can lead to hormonal imbalances and menstrual irregularities.

    Additionally, the type and intensity of exercise may play a role in fertility potential. For example, some studies have suggested that moderate-intensity exercise such as brisk walking, yoga, and cycling may be particularly beneficial for fertility, while high-intensity exercise such as marathon running or heavy weightlifting may have a negative impact.

    It’s important to speak with a healthcare provider or a reproductive specialist if you have concerns about how physical exercise may impact your fertility potential. They can help you determine the appropriate type and intensity of exercise to support your overall health and reproductive wellness.

    Share with friends:

    MTHFR is a common genetic mutation that can contribute to anxiety, depression, fatigue, chronic pain, infertility, and more serious conditions like breast implant illness, heart attack, stroke, chronic fatigue syndrome, and some types of cancer. If you know or suspect you have an MTHFR variant, schedule a free 15-minute meet-and-greet appointment with MTHFR expert Dr. Amy today.

    Book Your Appointment
    Amy Neuzil
    Amy Neuzil

    Dr. Amy Neuzil, N.D. is a leading expert in MTHFR and epigenetics, and she is passionate about helping people achieve optimal health and wellness for their genetic picture. She has helped thousands of people overcome health challenges using a simple, step-by-step approach that starts with where they are today. Dr. Neuzil's unique approach to wellness has helped countless people improve their energy levels, lose weight, and feel better mentally and emotionally. If you're looking for a way to feel your best, Dr. Amy Neuzil can help. Contact her today to learn more about how she can help you achieve optimal health and wellness.

    Articles: 181

    Leave a Reply

    Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *